המועדפים של mferreira

Is it Hakea sericea (HS) or Hakea decurrens (HD), possibly ssp. physocarpa (HDp)?

• OVERALL ASPECT: Hakea sericea
  "Sericea appears much denser(+) than decurrens." [10]
  ~-~
  HS: spreading bushy(+) shrub 1–3 m(+) high [4]
  ~-~
  HD: spreading shrub to small tree 0.3–5(-) m high [5]
  HDp: small tree or shrub, 0.8–5(-) m tall [8]

• BRANCHLETS: Hakea sericea(?)
  HS: young branches white-pubescent(+), glabrescent(+) [4]
  HS: branchlets persistently woolly(-) tomentose(-) [7]
  ~-~
  HD: new growth glabrous(-) to sparsely or densely(-) hairy [5]
  HD: branchlets quickly glabrescent(+) or persistently and densely tomentose(-) [7]
  HDp: branchlets sparsely to densely appressed-sericeous(?), quickly glabrescent or persistent to flowering [8]

• LIGNOTUBER: Hakea sericea(?)
  HS: not(?) lignotuberous [6]
  ~-~
  HD: lignotuber present [5]
  HD: lignotuberous [6]

• LEAVES: Hakea sericea(?)
  HS: leaves ± at right angles(?) to stem [4]
  HS: leaves spreading widely(+) to narrowly(+) angled to stem, flexible(+) or rigid [6]
  ~-~
  HD: leaves spreading widely from stem [5]
  HD: leaves spreading widely from stem, rigid(-) [6]
  HDp: leaves widely spreading, grooved below(?) to varying extents, 1.5–8(-) cm long, 0.7–1.6 mm wide, rapidly glabrescent; apex porrect, with mucro 1–3.5(+) mm long [8]

• MUCRO: Hakea sericea
  HS: 1-3mm(+) long [4]
  ~-~
  HD: 1mm long [5]

• FOLLICLE: Hakea sericea(?)
  "Decurrens has smoother(+) fruit than sericea which is tubercular(-) to deeply wrinkled." [10]
  "Fruit on decurrens is narrower(-) and has a prominent beak(-) with two horns but are often eroded. Sericea is broadly ovoid(+) and horns are often obscure." [10]
  ~-~
  HS: ± globose(+) to ovoid, 25–30 mm long, 20–25 mm wide, deeply wrinkled(-), beak 3–4(+) mm long, ± smooth(+) [4]
  ~-~
  HD: ± ovoid(-), 18–35 mm long, 14–36 mm wide, covered in discrete warts(+); beak prominent(-); horns present(+) [5]
  HDp: fruit 2.1–3.2 cm long, 1.3–2.5 cm wide, finely or coarsely tuberculate(?), obliquely ovate(-) to broadly ovate(-) [8]
  HDp: beak small(+) to moderately large, sparsely(-) pustulate(+) or smooth(-) [8]
  HDp: horns 1–5 mm long(+) [8]

• Distribution: inconclusive
  HS: (...) on the coast(-) and adjacent ranges(+) [4]
  ~-~
  HD: (...) often grows in sandy or rocky(?) situations [5]
  HDp: found in eucalypt forest(-), damp heath or dry(-) scrubland in hilly areas in sand, clay, granite, basalt or sandstone, from sea-level to 300 m [8]
  HDp: (...) also in Portugal(+) [9]

GLOSSARY:
Adventitious: produced in an unpredictable or unusual position [2]
Appressed: pressed closely but not fused, e.g. leaves against a stem [2]
apex: the tip; the point furthest from the point of attachment [2]
Bland: mild, smooth, gentle
Bud: a compact growth on a plant that develops into a leaf, flower, or shoot
Bushy: growing thickly
Axillary: coming from the leaf's axil, i.e. the insertion of the leaf [2]
Carpel: the basic female reproductive organ in angiosperms, either consisting of a single sporophyll or a single locule of a compound ovary, with a style and a stigma [2]
Crest: a "ridge"
Fascicle: a cluster of flowers [2]
Follicle: a dry fruit formed from one carpel, splitting along a single suture... [2]
Gynoecium: the collective term for all of the carpels of a single flower [2]
Hirsute: bearing coarse, rough, longish hairs
Lignotuber: a woody swelling of the stem below or just above the ground; contains adventitious buds from which new shoots can develop, e.g. after fire [2]
Matted: (especially of hair, wool, or fur) tangled into a thick mass
Mucro: a sharp, short point, generally at the tip of a leaf [2]
Pedicel: the stalk of a flower [2]
Perianth: the collective term for the calyx and corolla of a flower (generally used when the two are too similar to be easily distinguishable) [2]
Pistil: 1. a single carpel when the carpels are free / 2. a group of carpels when the carpels are united by the fusion of their walls [2]
Porrect: extended forwards
Pubescent: covered with short, soft hairs, especially erect hairs [2]
Rachis: the axis of an inflorescence [2]
Shaggy: having a covering resembling rough, long, thick hair
Tomentum: a dense covering of short, matted hairs [2]
Tubercle: a small wart-like outgrowth or protuberance of tissue [2]
Tuberculate: covered in tubercles
Villous: abounding in or covered with long, soft, straight hairs; shaggy with soft hairs [2]
Wart: verruga in Portuguese
Woolly: very densely covered with long, more or less matted or intertwined hairs, resembling a sheep's wool [2]
Wrinkled: having wrinkles or slight folds

REFERENCES:
[1] https://invasoras.pt/en/invasive-plant/hakea-sericea
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms
[3] https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/58692770
[4] https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Hakea~sericea
[5] https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Hakea~decurrens
[6] https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/key/2411
[7] https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Hakea
[8] http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/lucid/Hakea/key/Australian%20Hakea%20species/Media/Html/Hakea_decurrens_ssp._physocarpa.htm
[9] https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=in&name=Hakea~decurrens+subsp.~physocarpa
[10] https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/59023578#activity_comment_5413253
@belmontmargie: another person, with a lot of plant knowledge, says decurrens has smoother fruit than sericea which is tubercular to deeply wrinkled. Sericea appears much denser than decurrens. leaves in decurrens are widely spreading as in your photo. Fruit on decurrens is narrower and has a prominent beak with two horns but are often eroded. Sericea is broadly ovoid and horns are often obscure.
[11] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341452607_Pest_Risk_Analysis_for_Hakea_sericea

i1 A.dea.1 b5

• https://www.biodiversity4all.org/posts/64100-identificacao-de-galium-lucidum
  Será G. debile ou G. palustre

• https://www.biodiversity4all.org/posts/64204-identificacao-de-galium-saxatile-face-a-g-palustre-debile-lucidum-parisiense
  Galium debile quase de certeza.

Flora-on:
galium,noroeste montanhoso,distribuição~lotus corniculatus
A dúvida seria entre G. debile e G. parisiense.

https://flora-on.pt/#/4i8w5wNPiae5Kc
A cor da planta e o número de folhas por verticilo apontam claramente para G. debile, espécie que também pode apresentar coloração avermelhada mas apenas nos nós.
https://flora-on.pt/#/h0sYe

https://www.biodiversity4all.org/taxa/401979-Galium-debile
Galium debile ainda não é reconhecido pelo algoritmo, por isso as sugestões do iNaturalist são irrelevantes.

Flora-on:
[Rubiaceae,noroeste montanhoso,floração outubro,flores brancas,4 pétalas] Galium mollugo
[Rubiaceae,noroeste montanhoso,flores brancas,4 pétalas] Galium mollugo
É plausível: https://jb.utad.pt/especie/Galium_mollugo_subesp_mollugo
[Rubiaceae,floração outubro,flores brancas,4 pétalas] Asperula aristata
Flores muito diferentes.

iNat, sugestões:

• Galium parisiense (3+5+1+1+1+1+1+3)/8 = 2
  Galium uliginosum (1+4+4+3+3+3+5+4)/8 = 3,375
  Galium porrigens (2+12+3+2+2+12+3+5)/8 = 5,125
  Galium trifidum (1+12+7+8+8+7+2+6)/8 = 6,375

• Galium palustre (12+12+12+7+12+2+7+1)/8 = 8,125

• Galium saxatile (4+6+8+4+12+12+12+12)/8 = 8,75
  Galium concinnum (12+12+12+12+12+6+6+2)/8 = 9,25
  Galium tinctorum (12+12+6+12+6+12+8+12)/8 = 10
  Galium nutalli (12+12+12+5+5+12+12+12)/8 = 10,25
  Galium spurium (12+12+12+6+7+12+12+12)/8 = 10,625

• Galium aparine (12+12+2+12+12+12+12+12)/8 = 10,75
  Galium rivale (2+12+12+12+12+12+12+12)/8 = 10,75
  Galium pilosum (12+12+12+12+12+4+12+12)/8 = 11
  Galium album (6+12+12+12+12+12+12+12)/8 = 11,25
  Galium sylvaticum (8+12+12+12+12+12+12+12)/8 = 11,5
  Asperula cynanchica

Galium parisiense não parece plausível: planta ereta.
Galium uliginosum não é referido na Flora-on, nem mesmo através de sinónimo.
Galium porrigens é muito diferente.
Galium trifidum não é referido na Flora-on, nem mesmo através de sinónimo.
Galium palustre não parece plausível: planta ereta.
Galium saxatile tem a folha muito diferente.

Parece seguro identificar como Galium, provavelmente Galium mollugo, por algum motivo não reconhecido pelo iNat.